Which of the Following Is a Valid Example of Art?

Art has had a great number of different functions throughout its history, making its purpose hard to abstruse or quantify to whatever single concept. This does not imply that the purpose of art is "vague" but that it has had many unique, unlike reasons for being created. Some of the functions of fine art are provided in the outline below. The different purposes of art may be grouped according to those that are non-motivated and those that are motivated (Lévi-Strauss).

A Navajo rug made circa 1880

Non-motivated Functions of Art

The non-motivated purposes of fine art are those that are integral to being human being, transcend the private, or do not fulfill a specific external purpose. In this sense, art, as creativity, is something humans must do past their very nature (i.east., no other species creates fine art), and is therefore beyond utility.

1. Basic human instinct for harmony, residuum, rhythm. Art at this level is not an activity or an object, merely an internal appreciation of residual and harmony (beauty), and therefore an attribute of being human across utility.
   

   Imitation, then, is 1 instinct of our nature. Next, in that location is the instinct for 'harmony' and rhythm, meters being evidently sections of rhythm. Persons, therefore, starting with this natural souvenir developed by degrees their special aptitudes, till their rude improvisations gave birth to Poetry. —Aristotle

2. Feel of the mysterious. Art provides a fashion to experience 1's cocky in relation to the universe. This experience may often come unmotivated, every bit i appreciates art, music or verse.
   

   The nigh cute matter nosotros can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all truthful art and science. —Albert Einstein

3. Expression of the imagination. Art provides a means to express the imagination in nongrammatic ways that are non tied to the formality of spoken or written language. Unlike words, which come in sequences and each of which have a definite significant, fine art provides a range of forms, symbols and ideas with meanings that are malleable.
   

   Jupiter'due south eagle [every bit an example of art] is non, similar logical (artful) attributes of an object, the concept of the sublimity and majesty of creation, merely rather something else – something that gives the imagination an incentive to spread its flight over a whole host of kindred representations that provoke more than thought than admits of expression in a concept adamant by words. They furnish an aesthetic idea, which serves the above rational idea as a substitute for logical presentation, but with the proper office, however, of animating the mind by opening out for it a prospect into a field of kindred representations stretching across its ken.  —Immanuel Kant

4. Ritualistic and symbolic functions. In many cultures, art is used in rituals, performances and dances as a decoration or symbol. While these often accept no specific utilitarian (motivated) purpose, anthropologists know that they often serve a purpose at the level of significant inside a particular civilization. This significant is non furnished past whatsoever one individual, just is often the event of many generations of change, and of a cosmological human relationship inside the culture.
   

   Near scholars who deal with rock paintings or objects recovered from prehistoric contexts that cannot be explained in commonsensical terms and are thus categorized every bit decorative, ritual or symbolic, are aware of the trap posed by the term "fine art."
   —Silva Tomaskova

Motivated Functions of Art

Motivated purposes of art refer to intentional, conscious actions on the part of the artists or creator. These may be to bring virtually political change, to comment on an attribute of order, to convey a specific emotion or mood, to accost personal psychology, to illustrate another discipline, to (with commercial arts) to sell a product, or merely as a form of communication.

1. Communication. Art, at its simplest, is a form of communication. As almost forms of communication have an intent or goal directed toward another individual, this is a motivated purpose. Illustrative arts, such equally scientific illustration, are a class of art equally communication. Maps are another example. However, the content need non exist scientific. Emotions, moods and feelings are likewise communicated through art.
   

   [Art is a set of] artifacts or images with symbolic meanings equally a means of communication. —Steve Mithen

2. Fine art as entertainment. Art may seek to bring most a particular emotion or mood, for the purpose of relaxing or entertaining the viewer. This is often the part of the fine art industries of Motion Pictures and Video Games.
3. The Avante-Garde. Art for political change. One of the defining functions of early twentieth-century art has been to use visual images to bring almost political modify. Art movements that had this goal—Dadaism, Surrealism, Russian constructivism, and Abstract Expressionism, amid others—are collectively referred to every bit the avante-garde arts.
   

   Past dissimilarity, the realistic mental attitude, inspired by positivism, from Saint Thomas Aquinas to Anatole French republic, clearly seems to me to be hostile to any intellectual or moral advancement. I loathe it, for it is made up of mediocrity, hate, and ho-hum conceit. It is this attitude which today gives nascency to these ridiculous books, these insulting plays. It constantly feeds on and derives strength from the newspapers and stultifies both science and art by assiduously flattering the lowest of tastes; clarity bordering on stupidity, a dog's life. —André Breton (Surrealism)

4. Art as a "free zone," removed from the activity of the social censure. Unlike the advanced movements, which wanted to erase cultural differences in order to produce new universal values, gimmicky art has enhanced its tolerance towards cultural differences as well as its critical and liberating functions (social inquiry, activism, subversion, deconstruction…), becoming a more than open identify for research and experimentation.
5. Fine art for social inquiry, subversion, and/or chaos. While like to art for political change, subversive or deconstructivist fine art may seek to question aspects of club without any specific political goal. In this instance, the role of fine art may exist merely to criticize some aspect of order.

   

   Spray-paint graffiti on a wall in Rome

   Graffiti fine art and other types of street art are graphics and images that are spray-painted or stenciled on publicly viewable walls, buildings, buses, trains, and bridges, normally without permission. Certain fine art forms, such as graffiti, may also be illegal when they break laws (in this case vandalism).

6. Art for social causes. Art can be used to heighten awareness for a big diverseness of causes. A number of art activities were aimed at raising sensation of autism,cancer,human trafficking,and a variety of other topics, such as ocean conservation, homo rights in Darfur, murdered and missing Aboriginal women, elder abuse, and pollution. Trashion, using trash to make fashion, skilful past artists such every bit Marina Droppings is i example of using art to enhance awareness about pollution.
7. Art for psychological and healing purposes. Art is likewise used past art therapists, psychotherapists and clinical psychologists every bit art therapy. The Diagnostic Cartoon Series, for instance, is used to decide the personality and emotional performance of a patient. The terminate product is not the chief goal in this case, but rather a process of healing, through creative acts, is sought. The resultant piece of artwork may besides offer insight into the troubles experienced past the subject and may suggest suitable approaches to exist used in more conventional forms of psychiatric therapy.
8. Art for propaganda or commercialism. Fine art is often utilized as a form of propaganda, and thus tin be used to subtly influence popular conceptions or mood. In a like way, fine art that tries to sell a product also influences mood and emotion. In both cases, the purpose of art here is to subtly manipulate the viewer into a particular emotional or psychological response toward a particular thought or object.
9. Fine art as a fitness indicator. It has been argued that the power of the human encephalon by far exceeds what was needed for survival in the bequeathed environment. One evolutionary psychology explanation for this is that the human brain and associated traits (such as artistic ability and creativity) are the human equivalent of the peacock's tail. The purpose of the male peacock's improvident tail has been argued to be to attract females. According to this theory superior execution of fine art was evolutionarily of import because it attracted mates.

The functions of fine art described in a higher place are not mutually sectional, equally many of them may overlap. For example, fine art for the purpose of entertainment may also seek to sell a product (i.e. a movie or video game).

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Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-herkimer-artappreciation/chapter/oer-1-2/

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